Millions of years ago, in the place of the present-day Alpine-Himalayan system, there existed a geosynclinal depression, known as the Tethys Ocean. The Armenian Highlands were formed approximately 25–30 million years ago due to the Alpine orogenic processes occurring in the region.
earthquakes
In terms of geological structure, the Armenian Highland is one of the most distinctive regions of the continent. It contains formations from virtually all geological eras, ranging from the oldest Precambrian metamorphic complexes to Quaternary volcanic rocks and lacustrine–fluvial deposits.