The complex mountainous relief of the Armenian Highlands, along with the resulting diversity of climatic conditions and the distribution of the river network, has led to a great variety of soils, plant and animal life, and landscapes.
Soils
In Armenia, 14 genetic soil types, 27 subtypes, as well as numerous genera, species, and varieties are identified. Of these 14 soil types, 7 are zonal, while the others are interzonal.